![]() The earliest known written records of the history of China date from as early as 1250 BC, from the Shang dynasty, during king Wu Ding's reign, who was mentioned as the twenty-first Shang king by the same.The nuclear dates of the civilization appear to be about 2500–1700 BCE, though the southern sites may have lasted later into the 2nd-millennium BCE.Indus civilization, also called Indus valley civilization or Harappan civilization, is the earliest known urban culture of the Indian subcontinent.The success of ancient Egyptian civilization came partly from its ability to adapt to the conditions of the Nile River valley for agriculture.Ancient Egypt was a civilization of ancient North Africa, concentrated along the lower reaches of the Nile River, situated in the place that is now the country Egypt. This course surveys the succession of major civilizations that flourished in the Ancient World of the Middle East, Africa and Europe from the earliest times.Chinese Civilization (1765 BC - 250 BC).Harappan Civilization (2500 BC - 1750 BC).Egyptian Civilization (3400 BC - 1000 BC).Mesopotamian Civilization (4000 BC - 6th Cen.By the time Alexander the Great conquered the Persian Empire some two hundred years later, most of the Mesopotamian cities and culture had been supplanted. However, the region was seized by the Persians around 539 BCE.Historians even consider its people responsible for the invention of the wheel. In addition to agriculture, Mesopotamia is known for its lucrative trade and the establishment of various industries, including masonry, metalwork, and leatherwork. ![]() At its height, it was home to approximately 50,000 people. These communities expanded into what we consider cities, Uruk being the first one around 3500 BCE.Built on fertile land, the idea of agriculture soon developed alongside the domestication of animals.For thousands of years, the early people lived in small settlements which eventually transformed into a scattering of farming communities around 8000 BCE. Today, the region encompasses Iraq, Kuwait, Turkey, and Syria.As the oldest civilization, until there is further records of pre-Sumerian cultures, Sumer leads as the candidate for the foundation of modern society. Today the remnants of Sumerian culture resonate through farming, writing, and religious practices. Located between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, its name means between (meso) rivers (potamos). Ancient Sumer was the foundation of ancient Mesopotamia.Mesopotamia is the oldest civilization in the world civilization.
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